FOOD AND NUTRITION13

150. Don’t overlook canned vegetables and fruits, which retain most vitamins and minerals. The heating process of commercial canning partially destroys certain vitamins, but some nutrient 
loss is inevitable whenever a food is prepared. “Fresh” produce is not necessarily more 
nutritious, since much of it is harvested before it is ripe, trucked thousands of miles, and stored 
for long periods—in which case nutrient losses can be great. Canned beans, pumpkin, corn, pineapple, spinach, and beets, to name a few, are actually quite nutritious. But watch out for
added sodium.
151. Most frozen fruit­juice pops, sorbets, and ices are only very distantly related to fresh fruits
or their juices. They’re more like frozen sweetened water. They contain little of the fruit’s
vitamins (unless they are vitamin­fortified), but also little or no fat. For a more nutritious
fruity dessert, freeze your own juice in an ice­pop mold or ice­cube tray. Or freeze canned fruit 
and then purée it.
152. Drain the sauce from stir­fried takeout Chinese food, since that’s where a lot of the fat 
lurks. Or simply leave behind the last half­inch of sauce­drenched food in the container. Better 
yet, order steamed dishes and ask for other low­fat preparations. And share your dishes, or take
most home leftovers. Entrees are usually huge—often a pound and a half each or more, enough 
for four “sensible” portions.
153. Forget the old rule about eating raw shellfish only during “R” months (September to 
April). That rule may reduce the risk of food poisoning, but certainly doesn’t eliminate it. About 
5 to 10% of all raw shellfish are contaminated by vibrio bacteria. People with chronic diseases or
impaired immunity face a high risk of potentially fatal vibrio­related illness. Even shellfish  “certified clean” is risky, since there’s no way to detect many viruses and bacteria in fishing 
waters. To be safe, eat only thoroughly cooked shellfish (140°).
154. Always cut a hard­shell winter squash in half before microwaving. A whole squash 
cooked in the microwave can explode and cause serious burns. Piercing the shell with a fork 
before cooking may not be adequate to vent the confined steam pressure.
155. If you’re grilling chicken, marinate it first—and not just for good taste. One study 
showed that a chicken breast marinated in olive oil, cider vinegar, brown sugar, lemon juice, garlic, mustard, and salt produced fewer heterocyclic amines than unmarinated chicken when 
grilled on a propane grill for 30 minutes. These substances, produced when meats are cooked at 
high temperatures, promote cancer. Marinating reduced some of them by 99%. If you want to 
consume the remaining marinade, be sure to boil it before serving.
156. Use a blender. Food processors have overshadowed blenders in recent years, but there are 
some things blenders do better. They purée and liquefy foods to a smoothness few processors can 
match. So dust off your blender to make healthy shakes and drinks. You can combine nearly any 
fruits with skim milk and/or nonfat yogurt to make smoothies. Try frozen ingredients, such as
bananas or orange juice. You can also make vegetable “cocktails,” flavorful dips, quick 
sauces, velvety soups, and low­fat sandwich spreads

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